Deng valve casting prone lang mika depektu

1. Ing stomata

Iti metung yang malating cavity a mebuu keng gas na ing metal solidification process e ya makatakas kilub ning metal. Makinis ya ing kayang kilub a pader at atin yang gas, a maki matas a reflectivity king ultrasonic wave, dapot uling spherical ya o ellipsoid ya, metung yang point defect, a makaapektu king kayang reflection amplitude. Ing buak ning angin keng ingot mipatag ya keng metung a area defect kaybat nang me-forge o me-roll, na masanting akit kapamilatan ning ultrasonic detection.

2. Clip slag

Ing slag keng prosesu ning pamagtunaw o ing refractory keng katawan ning hurno mag-peel ya keng likidung metal, at milub ya keng casting o steel ingot neng magbubusbus, gagawang slag clamp defect. Ing slag keraklan e ya magdili-dili, maralas king makapal a kabilian o makakalat king miyayaliwang kalalaman, kalupa ne ning volume defects dapot maralas atin yang metung a linearity.

3. Casting cracks

Ing crack keng casting keraklan sangkan ne ning shrinkage stress ning metal cooling solidification lalagpus ya keng katataulian a sikanan ning materyales, makasuglung ya keng porma ning casting design ampo ing prosesu ning casting, ampo makasuglung ya naman keng cracking sensitivity da reng mapilan a impurities keng metal materials (antimo ing matas a sulfur content, cold brittleness, highphorus contents, atbp.). Ing spindle, atin ya namang bitag ing shaft crystal, at keng tutuking billet forging, manatili ya keng forging bilang internal crack ning forging.

4. Ibalikid me ing balat

Iti ing steelmaking manibat keng ladle papunta keng ingot casting ingot, uling ing pamag-pull interrupt, pause, ing pamag-bubus keng liquid metal surface keng air mabilis a pamaglamig form oxide film, ing bayung pamag-pour keng liquid metal masira ya keng ingot body ampo mag-form yang hierarchical (area) defects, iti keng tutuking ingot billet forging ali ya forging.

5. Anisotropy

Potang ing casting o ingot mipalamig ya at mipapatibe, miyayaliwa ing bilis ning pamaglamig manibat king babo papunta king libutad, inya miyayaliwa ing tissue ning pamagkristal, a magpakit king anisotropy da reng mekanikal a katangian, at magdalang anisotropy da reng katangian ning acoustic, a mangabaldugan, atin yang miyayaliwang sound velocity ampong sound attenuation manibat king libutad papunta king babo. Ing presensya na niting anisotropy malyari yang mika e masanting a epektu keng sukad ampo posisyun da reng me-assess a depektu keng ultrasonic detection.

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