Kasaysayan ning Panyulung ning Industriya ning Balbula ning Tsina (3)

Ing patuloy a panyulung ning industriya ning balbula (1967-1978)

01 Ing panyulung ning industriya apektadu ya

Manibat 1967 anggang 1978, pauli ning maragul a pamagbayu keng kapaligiran ning lipunan, ing panyulung ning industria ning balbula mesira ya naman maragul. Deng peka-manifestasyun ilapin deng:

1. Ing balbula ing output mebaba ya, at ing kalidad mebawas yang maragul

2. Ing balbula ing sistema ning pamanyaliksik a siyentipiku na megumpisa nang mika porma meapektuan ya

3. Deng produktung medium pressure valve maging lang short-term pasibayu

4. Ing e planung pamaglalang kareng matas ampo katamtaman a pressure a balbula megumpisa yang linwal

02 gawa kang paralan para makaba ya ing "valve short line"

Ing kalidad da reng produktu kenging balbulaing industriya mebaba yang maragul, at kaybat ning pamaglalang da reng short-term high ampo medium pressure valve products, ing estado dininan neng maragul a importansya ini. Ing Heavy and General Bureau ning Mumunang Ministry of Machinery mitatag yang grupu da reng balbula para maging responsabli keng pamagbayu ning industriya ning balbula. Kaybat ning malalam a pamagimbestiga at pamanyaliksik, ing valve team pepakit ne ing “Report on the Opinions on the Development of Production Measures para kareng High and Medium Pressure Valves”, a mipaintulutan king State Planning Commission. Kaybat ning pamanyaliksik, mebisa lang mamuhunan 52 million yuan keng industriya ning balbula para gawan ing technical transformation para aluswan ing problema ning seryosung kakulangan ning matas ampo katamtaman a pressurebalbula at ing kalidad mibaba ya keng lalung malapit a panaun.

1. Adwa Kaifeng meetings

Inyang Mayu 1972, ing Mumunang Machinery Department mika pambansangbalbulaindustry work symposium keng Kaifeng City, Henan Province. Atin yang 125 units ampo 198 representatives ibat kareng 88 valve factories, 8 relevant scientific research and design institutes, 13 provincial ampo municipal machinery bureaus ampo mapilan a gagamit ing tinagun keng meeting. Ing meeting megdesisyun yang ibalik la reng adwang organisasyun ning industriya ampo ing intelligence network, ampo pinili de ing Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory ampo ing Tieling Valve Factory bilang high-pressure ampo low-pressure team leaders, ampo ing Hefei General Machinery Research Institute ampo ing Shenyang Valve Research Institute ila reng maki pakibatan keng obra ning intelligence network. Ing pamitipun pisabyan at inaral na la ring isyung maki kaugnayan kareng “atlung pamagbayu”, pamagpaunlad king kalidad ning produktu, pamanyaliksik a teknikal, pamikawani da reng produktu, at pamagpaunlad kareng aktibidad ning industriya at intelligence. Manibat kanita, mibalik la reng aktibidad ning industriya at intelligence a me-interrupt kilub ning anam a banua. Deng paralan a reni maragul lang gewa keng pamagpasikan keng pamaglalang balbula ampo pamagbaliktad keng makuyad a panaun a sitwasyun.

2. Ibalik ing aktibidad ning organisasyun ning industriya ampo ing pamipalitan impormasyun

Kaybat ning Kaifeng Conference inyang 1972, mibalik la reng grupu da reng industriya kareng karelang aktibidad. Kanita, 72 mung pabrika ing mekiabe keng organisasyun ning industriya, at dakal a pabrika ning balbula ing e pa mekiabe keng organisasyun ning industriya. Para a-organisa la reng dakal a pabrika ning balbula, balang rehiyon mag-organisa yang aktibidad ning industriya. Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, Beijing Valve Factory, Shanghai Valve Factory, Wuhan Valve Factory,Tianjin Valve Factory, Gansu High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory, ampo Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory ila reng maki pakibatan keng Northeast, North China, East China, Central South, Northwest, ampo Southwest Regions. Ketang panaun a ita, miyayaliwa la at mabunga deng industriya da reng balbula ampo reng aktibidad ning pamanintindi, at sikat la kareng pabrika king industria. Uli ning panyulung da reng aktibidad ning industria, maralas a pamipalitan karanasan, pamisaup-saup at pamisanmetung a pamagaral, e mu kabud susulung ing pamagpaunlad king kalidad ning produktu, nune pati na ing pamisanmetung at pamikaluguran da ring miyayaliwang pabrika, bang ing industriya ning balbula metung yang metung a kabilugan, king pamisanmetung, gamat king gamat Sumulung, papakit ing masigla at daragul a eksena.

3. Gawan ing "atlung pamagbayu" kareng produktung balbula

Agpang keng espiritu da reng adwang pamitipun ning Kaifeng ampo reng opinyun ning Heavy and General Bureau ning Mumunang Ministry of Machinery, ing General Machinery Research Institute pasibayu yang mig-organisa king maragul a obra ning balbula “atlung modernisasyun” a maki aktibung suporta da reng miyayaliwang pabrika king industriya. Ing "atlung modernisasyun" a obra metung yang importanting basic technical a obra, na metung yang epektibung paralan para mabilis ing pamagbayu ning teknolohiya da reng negosyu ampo para asundu ing antas da reng produktung balbula. Ing valve "atlung modernisasyun" a grupung magobra magobra ya agpang keng "apat a mayap" (madaling gamitan, madaling gawan, madaling ayusan ampo masanting a pamituglung) ampo "apat a pamisanmetung" (modelu, parameters ning pamagganaka, koneksyun ampo pangkabilugan a sukad, standard a bage) a prinsipyu. Ing peka laman ning obra atin yang atlung aspetu, metung yapin ing pamagpasimpli kareng misasanmetung a uri; ing metung yapin ing magformulate ampo magrevise keng batch da reng technical standards; ing katlu yapin ing mamili at mayari kareng produktu.

4. Ing pamanyaliksik teknikal ing meging sangkan ning panyulung ning pamanyaliksik a siyentipiku

(1) Pamanyulung da reng scientific research teams ampo ing pamaglalang kareng test bases King kapupusan ning 1969, ing General Machinery Research Institute mipalitan ya ibat Beijing papunta Hefei, at ing orihinal a flow resistance test device mesira ya, na maragul ing epektu na keng scientific research. Inyang 1971, mibalik la keng grupu deng scientific researchers kaybat ning metung, at ing valve research laboratory meragdagan yang maigit 30 katau, at me-commission ya ning ministry para mag-organisa yang technical research. Metung a simpleng laboratoryu ing mitalakad, metung a flow resistance test device ing mi-install, at metung a specific a pressure, packing ampo aliwa pang test machines ing dinisenyu at gewa, at ing technical research keng valve sealing surface ampo ing packing megumpisa ya.

(2) Main achievements Ing Kaifeng Conference a meganap inyang 1973 ginawa ne ing technical research plan para keng industriya ning balbula manibat 1973 anggang 1975, ampo migmungkahi yang 39 a key research projects. Kayabe la kareti, atin yang 8 items ning thermal processing, 16 items ning sealing surface, 6 items ning packing, 1 items ning electric device, ampo 6 items ning test ampo performance test. Kaybat, keng Harbin Welding Research Institute, Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, ampo Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, mitulduan la reng espesyal a tau para mag-organisa ampo mag-coordinate kareng regular a inspeksyun, ampo adwa lang kumperensya keng obra kareng basic a bage da reng matas ampo medium a pressure valves ing meganap para i-sum up ing karanasan, pamisaup-saup ampo pamipalitan, ampo ing pamag-formulate kareng basic a bage keng pamanyaliksik 1980. Kapamilatan ning pamisanmetung ning mabilug a industriya, maragul a tagumpe ing megawa king obra ning pamanyaliksik a teknikal, a meging sangkan ning panyulung ning pamanyaliksik a siyentipiku king industria ning balbula. Deng peka-resulta na ilapin deng makatuki:

1) I-tack me ing sealing surface. Ing pamanyaliksik keng sealing surface buri nang aluswan ing problema ning internal leakage ninging balbula. Kanita, ing sealing surface materials keraklan 20Cr13 ampo 12Cr18Ni9, na atin mababang hardness, e masanting a wear resistance, seryosung internal leakage problems kareng valve products, ampo makuyad a service life. Ing Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute ampo ing Harbin Boiler Factory ginawa lang triple-combination research team. Kaybat ning adwang banuang masipag a obra, metung a bayung uri ning chrome-manganese sealing surface surfacing material (20Cr12Mo8) ing megawa. Ing materyal atin yang masanting a prosesu. Masanting a scratch resistance, makabang bie ning serbisyu, at alang nickel ampo mas ditak a chromium, deng resources malyari lang ibase keng domestic, kaybat ning technical appraisal, maragul yang ulaga para keng promotion.

2) Pamanyaliksik. Ing sangkan ning packing research yapin ing aluswan ing problema ning valve leakage. Kanita, ing valve packing keraklan oil-impregnated asbestos ampo rubber asbestos, ampo ing sealing performance e ya masanting, na meging sangkan ning grabing valve leakage. Inyang 1967, ing General Machinery Research Institute mig-organisa yang external leakage investigation team para manimbistiga kareng mapilan a chemical plants, oil refineries ampo power plants, at kaybat aktibung migsagawa lang anti-corrosion test research keng packing ampo valve stems.

3) Pamanyubuk king performance ning produktu at basic a pamanyaliksik king teorya. Kabang gagawang teknikal a pamanyaliksik,ing industriya ning balbulamasikan ya namang migsagawa keng product performance testing ampo basic theoretical research, ampo dakal yang akit a resulta.

5. Gawa ing pamagbayu keng teknolohiya da reng negosyu

Kaybat ning Kaifeng Conference inyang 1973, ing mabilug a industria ginawa yang pamagbayu keng teknolohiya. Deng peka-problema a atyu keng industriya ning balbula kanita: Mumuna, ing prosesu pabalik ya, ing pamag-cast ganap yang gawa keng gamat, metung a pirasung pamag-cast, ampo deng general-purpose machine tools ampo general-purpose fixtures keraklan gagamitan da para keng cold working. Iti uling deng miyayaliwang uri ampo ding specifications da reng balang pabrika sobra lang miduplikadu, at maragul ing bilang da keng mabilug a bangsa, pero kaybat ning pamikalat da reng balang pabrika, ing batch ning produksyun malati ya, na makaapektu keng pamag-exerte ning kapasidad ning produksyun. Bilang pakibat kareng problemang makatuki, ing Heavy and General Bureau ning Mumunang Ministry of Machinery pepakit na la reng makatuking paralan: i-organisa la reng existing high and medium pressure valve factories, gawang metung a pamagplanu, makatuliran a pamikawani da reng obra, at palawakan ing mass production; gamitan ing advanced a teknolohiya, mitalakad yang linya ning produksyun, at makipagsaup kareng susi a pabrika ampo kareng blanku. 4 cast steel blank production lines ing mitatag keng steel casting workshop, ampo 10 cold processing production lines da reng bage ing mitatag kareng anam a susi a pabrika; metung a kabilugan a 52 million a yuan ing mipuhunan keng pamagbayu ning teknolohiya.

(1) Pamagbayu ning teknolohiya ning pamagprosesu king pali Ing pamagbayu ning teknolohiya ning pamagprosesu king pali, ding teknolohiya antimo ing water glass tidal shell mold, fluidized sand, tidal mold ampo ing precision casting meging sikat la. Ing precision casting malyari yang makagawa chip-less o agyang chip-free machining. Iti masanting ya para keng gate, packing gland ampo valve body ampo bonnet da reng malating diameter a balbula, a maki malino a benepisyu keng ekonomiya. Inyang 1969, ing Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory minunang ginamit ing precision casting process keng pamaglalang valve, para keng PN16, DN50 gate valve body,

(2) Pamagbayu ning cold working technology Ing pamagbayu ning cold working technology, deng espesyal a makinang kasangkapan ampo linya ning produksyun magagamit la keng industriya ning balbula. Anyang 1964, ing Shanghai Valve No. 7 Factory dinisenyu ne at gewa ne ing gate valve body crawler type semi-automatic production line, na ing mumunang low-pressure valve semi-automatic production line keng industriya ning balbula. Kaybat, ing Shanghai Valve No. 5 Factory dinisenyu ne at ginawa yang semi-automatic a linya ning produksyun ning DN50 ~ DN100 low-pressure globe valve body ampo bonnet inyang 1966.

6. Masikan a gawang bayung uri at pasikanan ing antas da reng kumpletung set

Para akit ing pamangailangan da reng mangaragul a kumpletung set da reng kagamitan antimo ing petrolyo, chemical industry, electric power, metallurgy ampo petrochemical industry, ing industriya ning balbula masikan yang gagawang bayung produktu kabang ing pamagbayu ning teknolohiya, a mekapagpabuti king matching level da reng produktung balbula.

03 Buod

nung balikan me ing 1967-1978, ing panyulung ningbalbula ing industriya metung yang maragul a apektadu. Uling keng mabilis a panyulung ning industriya ning petrolyo, kemikal, kuryenti, metallurgy ampo uling, deng matas ampo katamtaman a pressure valves pansamantala lang meging "short-term products". Inyang 1972, ing organisasyun ning industriya ning balbula megumpisa yang migbalik at migsagawa kareng aktibidad. Kaybat da reng adwang Kaifeng conferences, masikan lang mekagawa “atlung modernization” ampo technical research work, a migumpisa keng alun ning pamagbayu keng teknolohiya keng mabilug a industriya. Inyang 1975, ing industriya ning balbula megumpisa yang me-rectify, at ing produksyun ning industriya mibayu ya para keng mas masanting.

Inyang 1973, inaprobahan ne ning State Planning Commission ing paralan ning imprastraktura para king pamagdakal ning produksyun ning matas ampong katamtaman a pressurebalbula. Kaybat ning puhunan, ing industriya ning balbula ginawa yang potensyal a pamagbayu. Kapamilatan ning pamagbayu at pamagpromote ning teknolohiya, megamit la reng mapilan a advanced a teknolohiya, inya sa’t ing antas ning pamagprosesu king dimla king mabilug a industria mipaunlad ya angga king metung a sukad, at ing degree ning mechanization ning pamagprosesu king pali mipaunlad ya angga king metung a sukad. Kaybat ning pamagpromote ning prosesu ning plasma spray welding, ing kalidad ning produktu da reng matas ampong katamtaman a pressure a balbula me-improve yang maragul, at ing problema ning “metung a makuyad at adwang leakage” me-improve ya naman. King pangayari at pamagobra da reng 32 a proyektung pang-imprastraktura, ing industriya ning balbula ning China atin yang mas matibe pundasyun at mas maragul a potensyal king pamaglalang. Manibat 1970, ing output da reng matas ampo katamtaman a pressure a balbula patuloy yang daragul. Manibat 1972 anggang 1975, ing output meragul ya ibat 21,284t angga 38,500t, a maki net a pamagtas a 17,216t kilub ning 4 a banua, katumbas ning banua-banuang output kanitang 1970. Ing banua-banuang output da reng low-pressure valves meging matatag ya king antas a 70,000 anggang 8000 tons. keng panaun ayni,ing balbula ing industriya masikan yang migdevelop kareng bayung produktu, ali mu ing miyayaliwang general-purpose valves ing meging maragul, nune pati na reng special valves para kareng power stations, pipelines, ultra-high pressure, low temperature ampo nuclear industry, aerospace ampo reng aliwang special-purpose valves ing meging maragul. nung ing 1960s metung yang panaun ning maragul a panyulung da reng general-purpose valves, kanita ing 1970s metung yang panaun ning maragul a panyulung da reng special-purpose valves. Ing suportang kapasidad ning domesticbalbula maragul ing pamagbayu, na makatupad kareng pamangailangan king panyulung da reng miyayaliwang sektor ning pambansang ekonomiya.